Enhanced infrared-to-visible upconversion imaging via metasurface–lanthanide nanoparticle hybrid screens

Abstract

Accessing the rich information carried by infrared light typically relies on bulky, complex optoelectronic systems. Lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer a compelling alternative by converting infrared light into visible photons through nonlinear anti-Stokes processes. However, achieving strong upconversion under the low excitation intensities relevant to infrared vision remains challenging, motivating strategies to enhance light–matter interaction. Here, we demonstrate enhanced infrared-to-visible upconversion imaging enabled by integrating alloyed Yb/Er UCNPs with a resonant dielectric metasurface. The metasurface supports an optical resonance aligned with the UCNP exci..